TUGAS
SOFT SKILL BAHASA INGGRIS
Direct
and Indirect Speech
By
: MUHAMMAD AFFIF AZZAM / 15213809 / 1EA30
A. Direct speech
When the actual words of the speaker are reproduced, it
is called direct speech.
Shows a person’s exact words. Quotation marks (“.
. .”) are a sign that the words are the same words that a person used.
For example:
Ravi said, “ I am playing Cricket.”
Sally said, “I want to go to bed.”
B.
Indirect speech/Reported speech
When the main
idea of a speaker’s words is reported by another person and the exact words are
not quoted, it is called indirect speech or reported speech.
Puts the
speaker’s words or ideas into a sentence without quotation marks. Noun clauses are usually used.
For example: Ravi
said that he was playing.
Sally said (that) she wanted to go to bed.
1.
THERE IS THREE TYPES OF INDIRECT SPEECH
a.
Declarative (Statement) àthe sentence
use “that”
For Example :
|
D : He said, “we will go to Singapore tomorrow”
I : He said that they would go to Singapore the
next day.
D : Bob said, ” I’m a university student”
I : Bob said that he was a university student.
|
b.
Imperative (Command/request) à
In reporting commands and requests, the
indirect speech is introduced by some verb expressing commands and requests,
and the Imperative Mood is changed into Infinitive Mood.
|
D : He told me,
“wait for me !”
I : He told me to wait for him.
D : She told me,
“don’t cheat anymore !”
I : She told me not to cheat anymore.
D : Raja said to John, “Go away.”
I : Raja ordered
John to go away.
D : He said to Mary, “Please wait here till I return.”
I : he requested
Mary to wait there till he returned.
|
c.
Interrogative (question )
When reporting a question, an order or a request, the
connector ‘that’ is not used.
For Example :
|
D : Ina asked me, “Do you really love me?”
I : Ina asked me
if/whether I really loved her.
D : The Visitor said to me, "Is your father at
home?"
I : The visitor
asked me if my father was at home.
D : I asked him : “When did you get back from your trip
?”
I : I asked him
when he had got back from his trip.
D : He asked me : “How will you go there ?”
I :
He asked me how I would go there.
D : The girl
said, ‘May I come in?’
I : The girl
asked if she could come in.
|
2.
TENSE CHANGE IN INDIRECT SPEECH
While converting
direct speech into indirect speech, the tense of the verb must change
accordingly:
|
Direct
Speech
|
Indirect
Speech
|
|
Present
simple
She
said, “It’s a good day.”
|
Past
simple
She
said (that) it was a good day.
|
|
Present
continuous
She
said, “I am playing the piano.”
|
Past
continuous
She
said (that) she was playing the piano.
|
|
Present
perfect simple
She
said, “I have lived in Macau since 2000.”
|
Past
perfect simple
She
said (that) she had lived in Macau since 2000.
|
|
Present
perfect continuous
She
said, “I have been learning Spanish for six months.”
|
Past
perfect continuous
She
said (that) she had been learning Spanish for six months.
|
|
Past
simple
She
said, “I went Macau two days ago.”
|
Past
perfect
She
said (that) she had gone to Macau two days ago.
|
|
Past
continuous
She
said, “I was dancing.”
|
Past
perfect continuous
She
said (that) she had been dancing.
|
|
Past
perfect
She
said, “I had finished my homework when he arrived.”
|
Past
perfect
She
said (that) she had finished her homework when he arrived.
|
|
Past
perfect continuous
She
said, “I had been dancing for five
|
Past
perfect continuous
She
said (that) she had been dancing for
|
If the reported speech express a universal truth or
habitual fact, its tense remain unchanged:
D : The teacher said, “The
earth goes round the sun.”
I : The teacher said that the
earth goes/went round the sun. She said,
D :“Girls are usually more sincere than boys”
I :She said that girls are
usually more sincere than boys.
3.
MODAL CHANGE: Modal verbs may also change.
|
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
|
will
She said, “I will go to Macau.”
|
would
She said (that) she would go to Macau.
|
|
can
She said, “I can go to Macau.”
|
could
She said (that) she could go to Macau.
|
|
shall
She said, “I shall go to Macau.”
|
should
She said (that) she should go to Macau.
|
|
may
She said, “I may go to Macau.”
|
might
She said (that) she might go to Macau.
|
|
must
She said, “I must go to Macau.”
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had to
She said (that) she had to go to Macau
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TERIMAKASIH INTANTRIANA J
